13^th International Conference on Liver Diseases & Hepatology November 14-15, 2022 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Biography:

I hold a Doctor of Medicine Degree, a specialist certificate in medicine in Clinical biology and a Master’s Degree in Medical biochemistry. All my diplomas were obtained at the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde I of Cameroon.
I was the head of  the serology laboratory, of Centre Pasteur of Cameroon during 6 years, from 2015 to 2021. During those 6 years, I acquired a solid experience in the diagnosis of viral hepatitis and HIV.  Since October 2021,  I have been assigned to the National Laboratory of Public Health, in the Genomic sequencing    Laboratory.
Centre Pasteur of Cameroon and National Laboratory of Public Health are references laboratories in my country.
I am also teaching Clinical Biochemistry at the  Higher Institute of Medical Technology, since 2020; it a school of medicine,  biomedical sciences, and public health .
I have published 4 papers in reputed journals. My research interests are biomarkers of metabolic diseases and liver fibrosis.

Abstract:

Abstract:
Background:Liver  fibrosis can be induced by chronic viral hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, metabolic diseases and autoimmune diseases. It  is  staged when the diagnosis of chronic liver disease  is made, in order to detect complications, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. But is often asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of liver fibrosis, using the combined platelet count, Alanine amino transferase, Aspartate Amino transferase and age - FIB-4 in an adult population with no history of known chronic liver disease.

Objective:The general objective of our study was to determine the prevalence liver fibrosis using FIB-4 score in the adult population in the city of Yaoundé.

Methods:We conducted a prospective analytical study. The study population was made of participants aged above 21years old, with no known history of chronic liver disease. The measurement of transaminases enzymes (AST, ALT) activities and platelet count were carried out at the laboratory of the Yaounde Central Hospital, by autoanalyzers using the principles of photometric and the account combining impedance and micro-kinetics respectively. The FIB-4 score was  calculated according to the formula proposed by Sterling et al.  The statistical analysis of the data collected was carried out by SPSS software version 20.0.The result was significant when p <0.05.

Results:A total of 183 participants were included, sex ratio 1. A third of the study population, 33.9% had liver fibrosis (FIB-4 score >1.30) of whom a quarter 24.2%, had an advanced fibrosis, (FIB-4 score >2.67). Some risk factors were associated to liver fibrosis: age ( above 37 years), sex (female), metabolic syndrome and  diabetes.

Conclusion:At the end of this study , we found  liver fibrosis on participants with no history of known chronic liver disease. Some of them had advanced fibrosis. Hence the need of systematic screening of patients for liver fibrosis.

Biography:

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; bFocused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Centre Soenderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Denmark, Institute of Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

Abstract:

Background: Several studies have reported improved disease symptomology in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients consuming a gluten free diet. This observation coupled with diversity depletion in the gut microbiota of UC patients led us to hypothesize that UC-associated enteric microbes differentially metabolize dietary gluten to produce immunogenic products that promote inflammation. Methods: Gluten concentration in stool was determined using gluten-specific ELISA, and gluten intake was assessed by food frequency survey in UC (n=12) and healthy controls (HC; n=13). Gluten-metabolizing bacteria were isolated on minimal media supplemented with 1% gluten from UC and HC and identified by 16S rRNA profiling. Cell-free culture media from gluten metabolizing gut bacterial isolates was assessed for immunogenicity in vitro using HT29 colonocytes. Results: Compared to HC, UC patients didn’t consume gluten differently (Mann-Whitney; p > 0.10) and exhibited equivalent levels of gluten in their feces (Mann-Whitney; p=0.163). The profile of gluten-degrading bacteria isolated from UC stool was distinct (Chi-square; p = <0.0001). Compared with Enterococcus isolates, products of gluten degradation by Bacillus strains induced higher IL8 and lower occludin (Mann-Whitney; p=0.002 and p=0.059 respectively) gene expression in colonocytes irrespective of whether they originated from UC or healthy gut. Conclusion: Members of HC and UC microbiota exhibit gluten-degrading ability, metabolites of which influence genes involved in inflammation and barrier function in enteric colonocyte cultures. Preliminary findings of this study warrant further investigations into the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to UC pathogenesis through gluten degradation.

Biography:

I completed Ph.D. in Biochemistry in lipoprotein metabolism from All India Institute of Home Economics, New Delhi. I have been teaching Biochemistry to undergraduate and postgraduate students in the University of Delhi, India, for the past 25 years. I have published research articles in the areas of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, adipokines, NAFLD and cancer biology.Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India

Abstract:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide, with a prevalence of 32% which is considerably higher than previously estimated and it continues to rise at a disturbing rate.  Its meteoric rise is paralleled only by obesity and type 2 diabetes. Broadly, NAFLD can be classified into two major subtypes, namely, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) which displays simple steatosis with a more benign course, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more progressive disease with a large inflammatory component, which is a precursor to fibrosis, hepatocyte damage, ballooning, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although diagnostic parameters are available, NAFLD often remains undiagnosed for extended periods of time. Currently accepted risk factors for the development of NAFLD are dysregulated lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, ER stress and obesity. Empirical data suggests that increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is an important feature of NAFLD in obese as well as non-obese individuals. Specific adipokines secreted from the VAT are known to mediate the metabolic dysregulation seen in NAFLD. Central obesity is deeply enmeshed with type of diet, activity pattern and meal timings. A diet with overall reduction in carbohydrates and increased fibre content, eaten with a window of 8-10 hours gives liver the time to rejuvenate aided by the release of relevant hormones. The excess fat received or synthesised under the influence of insulin, is then package and exported as VLDL preventing the accrual of fat in hepatocytes. Another important but unappreciated risk factor for metabolic disorders like NAFLD is chronodisruption or circadian misalignment due to altered sleep wake cycle, meal timings and exercise, that leads to an array of metabolic abnormalities like insulin resistance, obesity, dysbiosis and liver dysfunction

Biography:

Dr. Ioannidis studied medicine in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and graduated at 2005. He received his MSC in “Medical Research Methodology” in 2008 from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and in “Surgery of Liver, Biliary Tree and Pancreas” from the Democritus University of Thrace in 2016. He received his PhD degree in 2014 from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki for his thesis “The effect of combined administration of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in ulcerative colitis. Experimental study in rats.” He is a General Surgeon with special interest in laparoscopic surgery and surgical oncology and also in surgical infections, acute care surgery, nutrition and ERAS. He has received fellowships for EAES, ESSO, EPC, ESCP and ACS and has published more than 130 articles with more than 3000 citations and an H-index of 28

Abstract:

Cholelithiasis presents in approximately 20 % of the total population, ranging between 10% and 30 %. It presents one of the most common causes for non malignant surgical treatment. The cornerstone therapy is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, urgent of elective. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is nowadays the gold standard surgical treatment method, however bile duct injury occurred to as high as 0.4-3% of all laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The percentage has decreased significantly to 0.26-0.7% because of increased surgical experience and advances in laparoscopic imaging the past decade which have brought to light new achievements and new methods for better intraoperative visualization such as HD and 3D imaging system. However, bile duct injury remains a significant issue and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging, mainly cholangiography but also angiography, can further enhance the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as it allows the earlier recognition of the cystic and common bile duct, even in several times before dissecting the Callot triangle. Fluorescence cholangiography could be an ideal method in order to improve bile tree anatomy identification and enhance prevention of iatrogenic injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomies and also it could be helpful in young surgeons training because it provides enhanced intraoperative safety, but however this method does not replace CVS. Finally, our ongoing current study results comparing intravenous to direct administration of ICG in the gallbladder will be presented.

Biography:

Dr.Balwant Singh Gill has completed his MD from Dr.MGR Medical University in 2011 and DNB from Delhi from NBE in 2014. He is the Director & Head of Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, SGRD HOSPITAL (India) an advanced Endoscopy Center. He has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatologist & Interventional Endoscopist at their center of gastroenterology from July, 2015.

He has associated with few national and international associations as follows :

• Member : ACG(American College of Gastroenterology)
• Member : ASGE(American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
• Member : CAG(Canadian Association of Gastroenterology)

Abstract:

• Endoscopic Therapy for Esophageal Varices : Among therapeutic endoscopic options for esophageal varices (EV), endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) has proven more effectiveness and safety compared with endoscopic sclerotherapy and is currently considered as the first choice. In acute EV bleeding, vasoactive therapy (either with terlipressin or somatostatin) prior to endoscopy improves outcomes; moreover, antibiotic prophylaxis has to be generally adopted. Variceal glue injection (cyanoacrylates) seems to be effective in the treatment of esophageal as well as in gastric varices. Prevention of rebleeding can be provided both by EVL alone or combined with non-selective β-blockers. Moreover, EVL can be adopted for primary prophylaxis, with no differences in mortality compared with drugs, in subjects with large varices and unfit for a β-blocker regimen.

• A meta‐analysis of endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding : Despite publication of several randomized trials of prophylactic variceal ligation, the effect on bleeding‐ related outcomes is unclear. We performed a meta‐analysis of the trials, as identified by electronic database searching and cross‐referencing. Both investigators independently applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, and abstracted data from each trial. Standard meta‐analytic techniques were used to compute relative risks and the number needed to treat (NNT) for first variceal bleed, bleed‐related mortality, and all‐cause mortality. Among 601 patients in 5 homogeneous trials comparing prophylactic ligation with untreated controls, relative risks of first variceal bleed, bleed‐related mortality, and all‐cause mortality were 0.36 (0.26‐ 0.50), 0.20 (0.11‐0.39), and 0.55 (0.43‐0.71), with respective NNTs of 4.1, 6.7, and 5.3. Among 283 subjects from 4 trials comparing ligation with β‐blocker therapy, the relative risk of first variceal bleed was 0.48 (0.24‐ 0.96), with NNT of 13; however, there was no effect on either bleed‐related mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.61; confidence interval [CI], 0.20‐1.88) or all‐cause mortality (RR, 0.95; CI, 0.56‐1.62). In conclusion, compared with untreated controls, prophylactic ligation reduces the risks of variceal bleeding and mortality. Compared with β‐blockers, ligation reduces the risk for first variceal bleed but has no effect on mortality. Prophylactic ligation should be considered for patients with large esophageal varices who cannot tolerate β‐blockers.

• Subsequent research should further compare ligation and β‐blockers to determine the effect on mortality, and measure ligation's cost‐effectiveness

Biography:

Dr. Shyamapada Mandal is Professor and Head of the Department of Zoology, and Dean (Science), University of Gour Banga, India. He is working on infectious diseases, probiotics, and genomics and bioinformatics research. He did pre-PhD, PhD, and post-PhD research under the guidance of Professor Nishith Kumar Pal at the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, India. He has published 122 articles with eight book chapters. He is life member of IAMM and IASR, India, and fellow member of SASS, India. Eight national academic and research awards have been conferred to him. He has guided 58 post graduate students; supervised three MPhil and three PhD students, and supervising 7 PhD and one MPhil students. Professor Mandal is among the world’s top 2% scientists as per the survey of the Stanford University, published in PLOS (Public Library of Science) Biology (October, 2020). He is featured in the top 2% world scientists list for second and third consecutive time as published by the Stanford University-Elsevier BV (October, 2021 and October, 2022).

Abstract:

The COVID-19, caused with the infection of SARS-CoV-2, has been a pandemic since December 2019. The virus, SARS-CoV-2, primarily infects lungs, and also causes dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, leading to the disruption of immune homeostasis (by invading gut epithelium using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), thereby facilitating bacterial secondary infections causing gastrointestinal disorders. These events lead to a condition called blood-brain-barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which causes inflammation of the brain, and leads to severe and/or prolonged COVID-19. Prebiotics (including those derived from plant sources) —the components that enhance the viability and functionality of probiotics (in the gut),— act synbiotically thereby restoring the gut homeostasis and the BBB functionality as well, through gut-microbiota-brain axis. Thus, COVID-19 and the associated bacterial secondary infections causing gastrointestinal disorders might be prevented with probiotics as well as prebiotics supplementations

Biography:

Negar Rezaei: I am an MD/ PhD in Epidemiology graduate, and currently associate professor of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. I have mentored, supervised, collaborated in various research projects, and published over a hundred papers in various journals.

Abstract: